RESOURCES

What are NNN Properties?

NNN Properties are typically free standing buildings that are leased to tenants for a 10 to 25 year term. NNN Properties offer the benefit of little or no management responsibilities as the tenant pays for all, if not most of the expenses. The investor receives their rent with little to no other involvement.

Tenants in NNN Properties are divided by both quality and type of businesses they are in. Qualitatively NNN Properties have either credit or non credit tenants. The most desirable (least risk) NNN Properties have investment grade (rated BBB- and better) credit tenants.

Non credit tenant NNN Properties have tenants that are not credit rated. These tenants frequently are regional or local businesses or companies that are unrated. Some tenants are considered credit worthy yet are unrated because they carry no debt on their books. Click Tenant Ratings for list of tenants for NNN Properties.

Who Buys NNN Properties?

NNN Properties are appealing to those who wish to have outright ownership of their commercial real estate investments and have little to no management responsibility. The alternative ways of owning non management commercial real estate would be to own a security in the form of a mutual fund or REIT or invest in fractional ownership Tenant in Common properties.

A major advantage of 100% direct ownership is control and the ability to defer future capital gains by doing a 1031 exchange when the property is sold. For many investors the lack of immediate liquidity inherent in NNN Properties is offset by the lack of volatility NNN Properties offer when compared to a securitized investment. Investors should carefully consider their need for liquidity when considering investing in NNN Properties.

How are NNN Properties Valued?

NNN Properties typically are valued using their Capitalization Rate also referred to as Cap Rate. NNN Properties cap rates reflects the value of a stream of economic benefits discounted for time and risk. Generally this is computed as a pretax cap rate using the Net Operating Income (NOI) for NNN Properties.

NOI is income less all expenses before debt service. The Cap Rate is the NOI divided by the purchase price for NNN Properties. Conversely the NOI divided by the Cap Rate will equal the purchase or selling price.

Example of Cap Rates for NNN Properties:
NOI = $100,000/10%=$1,000,000 Purchase or Selling Price
NOI = $100,000/$1,000,000=10% Cap Rate

How are Cap Rates Determined for NNN Properties?

Some of the major considerations when calculating Cap Rates for NNN Properties are:

  • The credit worthiness of the tenant.
  • The length of the lease, typically 10 to 25 years.
  • The type of lease, triple net (NNN) or double net (NN). See below for definition.
  • Type and frequency of bumps or increases if any in rent.
  • Cost of financing
  • Strength of the demographics of the property location
  • Nature of the improvements. Are the improvements easily converted for another tenant or are they special purpose that would require significant expense and time to convert before re tenanting?
  • Age and condition of the improvements

The more positive the above factors for NNN Properties, the lower the Cap Rate or the higher the value of the property related to its income stream. Conversely if the above factors for NNN Properties are weak the Cap Rate will be higher and the resulting value will be lower reflecting the greater risk of the investment.

It is important to remember that markets are not perfect and low Cap Rate NNN Properties are not necessary a lower risk investment, they could simply be a bad investment that is over priced. Astute investors seek NNN Properties that are mispriced in their favor, namely a higher Cap Rate for a property that has lower risk factors.

What is Build-to-Suit?

In a build-to-suit the landlord builds the improvements for the tenant and the tenant leases them back typically on a Net Lease. The Net Lease rent payable by the tenant is a function of the construction and financing costs of the project. This arrangement allows the tenant to move in and occupy the property with zero initial cost.

The Net Lease rent is fully deductible over the lease term, making the tenant’s after-tax cost less than with alternative forms of asset-based financing.

What is a Ground Lease?

A ground lease is a method for separating ownership of the improvements (building) from the ownership of the underlying fee (ground). Typically ground leases are long term Net Leases where the tenant pays all expenses except debt service. Any financing for the improvements are paid for by the tenant. In some cases the ground lease is subordinated to the debt on the improvements.

On unsubordinated ground lease, no lien is placed against the fee simple title to the land. Instead, the leasehold estate is the primary security for any debt on the improvements. There is no depreciation with the ownership of a ground lease.

Many investors favor ground leases because they don’t need to use their own funds to build the improvements yet end up owning the improvements on termination of the lease. When the Net Lease ends the improvements revert to the owner of the ground lease the owner benefits from the full rent for both the land and the improvements.

Tenants like ground leases because they reduce the tenant’s cost of development by eliminating land acquisition costs. A long term Net Lease provides predictable rent payments that are deductible by the tenant for federal and state income tax purposes.

Typically ground leases are long term Net Leases and include set rent escalations, foreclosure rights and reversionary right (improvements revert to owner of ground lease at termination of the lease).

What is a Sale Leaseback?

A Real estate sale leaseback is when a business sells its commercial property for current market value and then leases it back typically using a Net Lease. The seller retains the use of their real estate and frees up capital which can be used to invest back into the business. Real estate sale leasebacks are popular because they generate capital for immediate use within the business.

A long term Net Lease on a sale leaseback create a predictable rent that is deductible for federal and state income tax purposes Some businesses do sale and leaseback transactions for equipment as well. Types Net Leases

NNN Properties are generally categorized as either true triple net (NNN) or double net (NN). The distinction between NNN and NN leases is an important one as can be seen in the following definitions.

Absolute Triple Net (NNN)

The tenant pays operating expenses such as maintenance, repairs, taxes and replacement for the entire property, without limitation. The owners pay the mortgage only. This is the type of lease that most investors expect when purchasing NNN Properties.

Bond Lease (NNN)

A bond lease is a slight variation on the true triple NNN lease because the tenant is required to absolutely comply with their rent and operating expense obligations regardless of extenuating circumstances affecting the property (i.e. Even if the property is under eminent domain proceedings).

Double Net Lease (NN)

Similar to NNN leases but with additional owner responsibilities. The owner is generally liable for the structural components of the building such as the roof, foundation, load-bearing walls and parking. Leases will vary so they should be carefully read.

Net Lease Alternative

For investors considering NNN Properties but who would like to invest less capital (cash) and still have little to no management responsibilities Tenants in Common (TICs) are a good option to consider.

Advantages of Tenant in Common are the lower minimum investment (starting at $50,000); prepackaged financing (if any) and due diligence material. Because Tenant in Common is a deeded interest in real estate and not a security like a mutual fund or REIT they qualify for 1031 exchanges providing they follow IRS Rev Proc 2002-22.

The most frequent objection to Tenant in Common ownership is that Tenant in Common owners have a proportionate vote on major ownership issues as opposed to 100% owned NNN Properties.

Tenant in Common investors can invest in fractional ownership in NNN Properties and other multi tenant real estate. A major advantage of Tenant in Common ownership is the ability to reduce overall risk by diversifying into a number of investment properties.

 Tenant Credit Ratings

TENANT Stock
Symbol
Standard
& Poors
Probability
of
Default
(5 years)
Moodys Probability
of
Default
(5 years)
24 Hour Fitness Worldwide Inc. B 3.34% RW
99 Cents Only Stores, Inc. NDN B 3.34% B2 2.06%
7-Eleven SE AA- 0.059% Baa1 0.182%
A&P (Great Atlantic and Pacific Tea Co., Inc.) GAPTQ CCC 14.00% Caa2 17.00%
Aaron Rents RNT
Aaron’s, Inc. AAN
Advanced Micro Devices AMD B 3.34% B2 2.06%
Abercrombie & Fitch ANF
Advance Auto AAP BBB- 0.367% Baa3 0.307%
Advanced Micro Devices AMD B 3.34% B2 2.06%
Aeropostale ARO
Alberto-Culver ACV A1 0.08%
Allstate Corp All A- 0.15% A3 0.14%
Amazon.com Inc. AMZN AA- 0.059% Baa1 0.182%
American Eagle AEO
American Apparel APP CCC 14.00% Caa2 17.00%
Ann Taylor ANN RW
Arby’s (Wendy’s International) WEN B+ 2.01% B1 1.32%
Apple Inc. AAPL AA+ 0.03% Aa1 0.03%
Army & Air Force Exchange Service AA- 0.06% Aa3 0.06%
Ashland Inc ASH BB 0.733% Ba1 0.408%
Aspen Dental Mangement Inc B 3.338% B2 2.064%
AT&T T A- 0.15% A3 0.14%
AutoZone AZO BBB 0.26% Baa1 0.18%
AutoZone AZO BBB 0.26% Baa1 0.18%
Avis/Budget Group CAR BB- 1.22% B2 2.06%
Bank of America BAC A- 0.15% Baa2 0.23%
Bally Total Fitness BFTH RW
Bank of New York Mellon BK A+ 0.08% Aa2 0.04%
Barclays Bank PLC BCS A 0.12% A3 0.14%
Bank United BKU RW
Barnes & Noble BKS RW
BB&T BBT A- 0.154% A2 0.114%
Bebe BEBE
Bed, Bath & Beyond BBBY BBB+ 0.20% Baa1 0.18%
Benetton BNG
Best Buy BBY BB 0.73% Baa2 0.23%
Big 5 Sporting Goods Corp BGFV RW
Big Lots Inc. BIG BBB- 0.367%
Bi-Lo LLC B 3.34% B2 2.06%
BJsWholesaleClub BJ B- 5.38% B3 4.17%
BJ’s Restaurant, Inc. BJRI
Blockbuster Entertainment BBI RW
Bob Evans Farms, Inc. BOBE
Boddie Noell Enterprises, Inc BNE RW
Books-A-Million BAMM
Borders Group Inc BGP
BP BP A 0.12% A2 0.11%
Branch Banking & Trust BBT A 0.12% A1 0.08%
Bridgestone/Firestone BRDCF A2 0.11%
Brown Shoe Company BWS B+ 2.01% B1 1.32%
Brinker Intemational EAT BBB- 0.367% Ba1 0.408%
Avis/Budget Group CAR B+ 2.01% B1 1.32%
Buffalo Wild Wings BWLD
Build-A-Bear Workshop BBW
Burger King Corp. BKC B+ 2.014% B3 4.168%
Burlington Coat Factory Warehouse BCF B- 5.38% B3 4.17%
Cache CACH
California Pizza Kitchen CPKI B- 5.38% B3 4.17%
Capital One Financial Corp COF BBB 0.259% Baa1 0.182%
Carrols Corp/Carrols Restaurant Group Inc TAST B- 5.384% B3 4.168%
Carrabba’s Italian Grill LLC (Bloomin’ Brands Inc) BLMN B+ 2.014%
Cato’s CTR
Casual Male Corp (Destination XL Group) DXLG RW
CBRL Group, Inc. CBRL RW
CEC Entertainment CEC B 3.34% RW
Charlotte Russe CHIC B 3.34% B2 2.06%
Charming Shoppes ASNA RW
Cheesecake Factory CAKE
Chevron Corp CVX AA 0.042% Aa1 0.032%
Chico’s FAS Inc. CHS
Children’s Place PLCE
Chipotle CMG
Choice Hotels Int’l. Inc. CHH BB+ 0.52% Baa3 0.31%
Circle K (Alimentation Couche-Tard) ANCUF BBB- 0.367% Baa3 0.307%
Cinemark CNK BB- 1.22% B1 1.32%
Citibank N.A. C A 0.12% A2 0.11%
Citizens Bank (RBS) RBS A- 0.15% A3 0.14%
City National Corp CYN BBB+ 0.20% A3 0.14%
Citi Trends CTRN
CKE Restaurants CKR B- 5.38% RW 8.42%
Coach COH
Coldwater Creek CWTR
Collective Brands Inc (now Payless Inc) PSS B 3.34% B2 2.06%
Commerce Bank NA CBSH A 0.12% Aa3 0.06%
Comerica Bank CMA A 0.119% A2 0.114%
Compass Bank CBSS BBB 0.26% Baa2 0.23%
Conoco Phillips Co COP A 0.12% A1 0.08%
Cost Plus Inc. now World Market (now World Market part of BBBY) BBBY BBB+ 0.20% Baa1 0.18%
Costco Wholesale Corp COST A+ 0.084% A1 0.080%
Cox Communications COX BBB 0.259% Baa2 0.230%
Cox Enterprises Inc CSMOILO BBB 0.26% Baa2 0.23%
Cracker Barrel CBRL RW
CSK Corp CAO
CVS CVS BBB+ 0.20% Baa1 0.18%
Dairy Queen DQ
Darden Restaurants DRI BBB- 0.37% Ba3 0.85%
DaVita Inc DVA BB 0.73% Ba3 0.85%
Delhaize Group S.A. DEG BBB- 0.367% Baa3 0.307%
Dell Inc. DELL BBB 0.26% Baa1 0.18%
Denny’s Corp. DENN RW
Dillard’s Inc. DDS BB+ 0.52% Ba1 0.41%
DineEquity Inc. DIN B 3.338% B2 2.064%
Dollar General DG BBB- 0.37% Baa3 0.31%
Dollar Tree DLTR
Domino’s Pizza DPZ RW
Dress Barn ASNA RW
DSW Holdings DSW RW
Eddie Bauer EBHIQ.PK RW
Einstein Noah BAGL B+ 2.01% RW
Exxon Mobil XOM AAA 0.020% Aaa 0.020%
Family Dollar FDO BBB- 0.367% Baa3 0.307%
Federal Express Corp FDX BBB 0.259% Baa1 0.182%
Fifth Third Bancorp FITB BBB+ 0.20% Baa1 0.18%
Finish Line FINL
Flowers Foods Inc FLO BBB- 0.367% Baa2 0.230%
Foot Locker FL BB+ 0.518% Ba2 0.544%
Fred’s FRED
Fresenius Medical Care AG FME BB+ 0.518% Ba1 0.408%
Fresh & Easy (Tesco plc) TSCO BBB+ 0.20% Baa2 0.23%
Frisch’s Restaurants FRS
Furniture Brands Int FBN RW
Gamestop Corp GME RW
Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company GT BB- 1.22% Ba3 0.85%
General Electric GE AA+ 0.33% Aa3 0.06%
General Electric Capital Corp GECB AA+ 0.33% AA1 0.03%
General Services Administration (GSA) Aa1 0.03%
Genesco GCO BB 0.73% RW
Genuine Parts Company GPC
GlaxoSmithKline PLC GSK A+ 0.08% A1 0.08%
Gottschalks GOT
Guess? Inc GES RW
Gymboree GYMB CCC+ 8.68% Caa1 8.42%
H&R Block HRB BBB 0.26%
Hhgregg Inc. HGG RW
Hibbett Sports HIBB
Home Depot HD A 0.12% A2 0.11%
Hot Topic HOTT B 3.34% B2 2.06%
HSBC Bank HBC AA- 0.06% A1 0.08%
HSN Inc HSNI RW
Indiana Gas Co Inc VVC A- 0.15% A2 0.11%
Ingles Markets Inc IMKTA BB- 1.215% Ba3 0.848%
J.Crew JCG B 3.34% B1 1.32%
J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. JPM A 0.12% A3 0.14%
Jack in The Box JACK RW
JC Penney JCP ccc+ 8.68% Caa2 17.00%
Jos A. Bank Clothiers Inc. JOSB
Jo-Ann Stores, Inc. JAS B 3.34% Caa1 8.42%
Kazi Foods Inc.
Kenneth Cole KCP
Key Bank N.A. KEY A- 0.15% A3 0.14%
Kohl’s Corp. KSS BBB+ 0.200% Baa1 0.182%
Koninklijke KPN N.V. KPN BBB 0.26% Baa3 0.31%
Kroger KR BBB 0.259% Baa2 0.230%
Landry’s Restaurants LNY B 3.338% B2 2.064%
L Brands Inc. LTD BB+ 0.52% Ba1 0.41%
Liz Claiborne Inc. (Kate Spade & CO.) KATE B 3.34% B2 2.06%
Lloyds TSB Bank PLC LLOY A- 0.15% A2 0.11%
Logan’s Roadhouse Inc B- 5.38% Caa2 17.00%
Lowe’s LOW A- 0.154% A3 0.144%
Luxxotica LUX A- 0.15%
M & T Bancorp MTB A- 0.15% A3 0.14%
Macy’s Inc. M BBB+ 0.20% Baa2 0.23%
Marriott Int’l Inc MAR BBB 0.26% Baa2 0.23%
Mattress Firm Holding Corp MFRM B2 2.06%
McCormick & Schmick’s MSSR B 3.34% B2 2.06%
McCormick & Co MKC A- 0.15% A2 0.11%
McDonalds Corp. MCD A 0.119% A2 0.114%
Men’s Wearhouse MW B+ 2.01% Ba3 0.85%
MetroPCS Wireless (T-Mobile) DT BB 0.73% Ba3 0.85%
Michael Stores Inc MIK B3 4.17%
Mothers Work Inc (Destination Maternity Corporation) DEST RW
Motorola Solutions Inc. MOT BBB 0.26% Baa2 0.23%
National City Bank NCC A2 0.11%
New Cingular Wireless Serv. AWE RW
NewYork& Co. NWY
Nike NKE AA- 0.06% A1 0.08%
Nordstrom JWN A- 0.154% Baa1 0.182%
Nokia NOK BB 0.73% Ba2 0.54%
Office Depot ODP B- 5.384% B2 2.064%
OfficeMax OMX B3 4.17%
Olive Garden (Darden) DRI BBB- 0.37% Baa3 0.31%
O’Reilly Automotive Inc. ORLY BBB 0.26% Baa2 0.23%
OSI Restaurant Partners BB- 1.22% B1 1.32%
Owens Corning OC BBB- 0.367% Ba1 0.408%
Pacific Sunwear PSUN
Panera PNRA
Papa John’s International Inc PZZA
Pep Boys PBY B 3.338% B1 1.323%
PepsiCo PEP A 0.12% A1 0.08%
PerkinElmer Inc PKI BBB 0.26% Baa3 0.31%
Perkins & Marie Calendar’s PMCI RW
Petsmart Inc. PETM BB+ 0.518% RW
PF Chang’s China bistro PFCB B- 5.38% B3 4.17%
Pier 1 Imports PIR B+ 2.01% RW
PNC Bank N.A. PNC A 0.119% A2 0.114%
Polo Ralph Lauren Corp RL A 0.12% A3 0.14%
QVC BB 0.733% Ba2 0.544%
RadioShack RSH CCC 14.00% Caa2 17.00%
Rare Hospitality International RARE RW
Raytheon Company RTN A 0.12% A3 0.14%
RBC Bank USA RY RW
Red Robin Gourmet Burgers RRGB
Red Lobster DRI BBB- 0.37% Baa3 0.31%
Regal Entertainment Group RGC B+ 2.014% B1 1.323%
Regis Corporation RGS
Rent A Center RCH BB 0.73% Ba3 0.85%
Retail Ventures Inc RVI
Rite Aid Corp RAD B 3.34% B2 2.06%
Ross Stores ROST A- 0.15%
Roundy’s Supermarkets Inc RNDY B- 5.38% B2 2.06%
Ruby Tuesday Inc. RT B- 5.38% B3 4.17%
Ruddick Corp RDK RW
Ruth’s Hospitality Group RUTH
Safeway SWY BBB 0.259% Baa3 0.307%
Saks Inc. SKS RW
Savon/Osco SVU B+ 2.01% B2 2.06%
Sears Holdings SHLD CCC+ 8.68% Caa1 8.42%
Shell Oil SHOI AA 0.042% Aa2 0.040%
Sherwin-Williams SHW A 0.119% A3 0.144%
Shoe Carnival SCVL
Skechers SKX
Sonic Corporation SONC RW
Sony Corp SNE BBB- 0.37% Ba1 0.41%
Soverign Bank, N.A. SOV Ba1 0.41%
Staples SPLS BBB- 0.37% Baa2 0.230%
Spartan Stores RW
Sports Chalet SPCHA
Sprint – Nextel Corp S BB- 1.22% Ba2 0.54%
Starwood Hotels & Resorts HOT BBB 0.26% Baa2 0.23%
Starbucks SBUX A- 0.15% A3 0.14%
Stater Bros Holdings Inc STBRO B+ 2.01% B2 2.06%
Stein Mart, Inc. SMRT
Steve Madden SHOO
Sumitomo Corporation SCOA A 0.119% A2 0.114%
SunTrust Bank STI BBB+ 0.20% Baa1 0.18%
Supervalu SVU B+ 2.01% B2 2.06%
Sysco Corp SYY A 0.12% A1 0.08%
Takeda Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. TACHEM AA- 0.06% Aa3 0.06%
Target TGT A 0.12% A2 0.11%
TCF Financial TCB BBB- 0.367% RW
TD Bank N.A. BNK AA- 0.06% Aa3 0.06%
Tesco, plc TSCO BBB+ 0.20% Baa2 0.23%
Texas Roadhouse, Inc TXRH
The Bon-Ton Stores Inc BONT B- 5.38% B3 4.17%
The Buckle, Inc. BKE
The Cato Corporation CATO
The Gap, Inc. GPS BBB- 0.37% Baa3 0.31%
Tuesday Morning TUES RW
Tiffany & Co. TIF RW
Time Warner Cable TWC BBB 0.259% Baa2 0.230%
  1. Maxx/Marshalls/Home Goods (TJX Cos Inc)
TJX A+ 0.08% A3 0.14%
T-Mobile USA (Deutsche Telekom) DT BB 0.73% Ba3 0.85%
Tractor Supply Company TSCO
True Religion TRLG B- 5.38% B3 4.17%
Urban Ouffitters URBN
US Bancorp USB A+ 0.084% A1 0.08%
Valero Energy Corp VLO BBB 0.26% Baa2 0.23%
VCA Antech Inc. WOOF BB 0.733% Ba2 0.544%
Verizon VZ BBB+ 0.20% Baa1 0.18%
Viacom Inc. VIA BBB 0.26% Baa2 0.23%
Walgreen Co WAG BBB 0.259% Baa1 0.182%
Wal-Mart WMT AA 0.042% Aa2 0.040%
Walt Disney CO DIS A 0.119% A2 0.114%
Weis Markets WMK
Wells Fargo WFC A+ 0.08% A2 0.11%
Wendy’s/Arby’s Group WEN B+ 2.01% B1 1.32%
West Marine WMAR
Whole Foods WFMI BBB- 0.367% RW
Williams-Sonoma WSM
Yum! Brands YUM BBB 0.259% Baa3 0.307%
Zale CP ZLC RW
Zions First National Bank ZION BBB- 0.37% Baa3 0.31